Hercules Musagetes — The Conductor of the Muses
Q. Pomponius Musa. 56 BC. AR Denarius (17mm, 4.06 g, 6h). Rome mint. Diademed head of Apollo right, wearing hair in ringlets; Q • POMPONI downwards to left, MVSA upwards to right / Hercules Musagetes, Conductor of the Muses, standing right, wearing lion skin on shoulders, playing lyre; club to right; HERCVLES downward to right, MVSARVM downward to left. Crawford 410/1; Sydenham 810; Pomponia 8; BMCRR Rome 3602-4; Kestner 3372-3; RBW –. Choice EF, deep iridescent toning. Well struck.
From the Gasvoda Collection. Ex LHS 103 (5 May 2009), lot 187.
The Muses of Q. Pomponius Musa
Although the moneyer Q. Pomponius Musa is unknown to history, his choice of Hercules Musarum and the nine Muses as coin types is remarkable and clearly connected to his cognomen.
The reverses of this series – Hercules playing the lyre and the Muses, can be none other than the celebrated statue group by an unknown Greek artist, taken from Ambracia and placed in the Aedes Herculis Musarum, which was erected by M. Fulvius Nobilior in 187 BC after the capture of Ambracia in 189 BC (Plin. NH xxxv.66; Ov. Fast. vi.812). By the second century BC Rome had overrun most of Greece and was captivated by Hellenic art and culture, not the least of which was its sculpture. Fulvius is said to have taken the statues to Rome because he learned in Greece that Hercules was a musagetes (leader of the Muses). Remains of this temple have been found in the area of the Circus Flaminius close to the south-west part of the circus itself, and north-west of the porticus Octaviae. An inscription found nearby, ‘M. Fulvius M. f. Ser. n. Nobilior cos. Ambracia cepit;’ may have been on the pedestal of one of the statues. The official name of the temple was Herculis Musarum aedes, which Servius and Plutarch called Herculis et Musarum aedes.
